Mizote leh Mingote

By H. Lalawmpuia 

Mizote leh Mingote kan inhmelhriat ṭanna hi a rei ve ta viau mai. 'Mizote'n an ṭhenawm ram sapho awp chin an run chanchin chhihchhiahna hmasa ber chu September 1826-ah a ni a,' (Kumpinu leh Mizoram 3) chu chu Mizo lal pakhat Buangtheuva tehoin phai vai an zuk rûn aṭang khan a ni. Tichuan, a khât tawkin Mizo lalte chuan British awp chin ram chu an zuk rûn fo a; British lamin ngaithei reng bik hek suh, Mizo lalte chu tukdawlin, "... kum 1890 December thlaa sa ui an tan hnuah Mizo lalte chu, a bo a bâng awm lovin British sawrkar hnuaiah an tlu lut titih ta a ni." (Tarmit Bawm 97)

Khatia Kumpinu-in Mizote awp a, sipai leh missionary-te nena Zoram an rawn daidar hnu khan Mizote khawvel chu nasa takin a inthlak danglam a. Hnam dang nena intlawhpawh ngai zen zen lo Mizote chuan khawvel dang hmelhriatin, hnam dangte pawhin an rawn awm pawlh chho ta zel a. Chutianga rawn chen pawlh a, rawn daidar ta chu nupui pasal anga lo invuan a, lo inkawp zui ta te pawh sawi tur an awm ve ta nual a. Chu'ng zinga sawi hlawh ber pawl chu Zosapthara (Edwin Rowlands) leh Thangliana (T.H. Lewin) te kha an ni.

He paper-ah hian Thangliana leh Zosapthara ten nupuia Mizo an neih dan chanchin kan thlir ang a, an harsatna tawh hrang hrang leh Mingote indah sanna, an rilrua thûk taka inphûm chu hai lan kan tum dawn a ni. Tin, chu Mingote leh Mizote inkara indaidanna awm, thawnthu phuah thar (fiction) lama zung kaih zui ta chu James Dokhuma thawnthu pakhat 'Goodbye Lushai Brigade' tih aṭangin kan en zui thuak bawk ang.

I. Dari leh Thangliana:

'Sapho zinga Mizo fate'n an kawm tlangnel hmasak ber chu Lt. Col. Thomas Herbert Lewin (Thangliana) kha a ni a' (Thuhlaril 126), kum 1857-ah India ram a lo thleng a, kum 1864 khan Chittagong Hill Tracts enkawl turin Superintendent atan ruat a ni a (126). 'Lewin-a chu British officer zinga Mizote tlawh pawh hmasatu, Mizoram daidar hmasatu leh a ram mipui leh nun phung leh zia hre hmasatu (remarkable pioneer British Officer of Lushai Land) a lo ni ta a ni." (Kumpinu leh Mizoram 4)

Thangliana hian Mizo nupui ah a nei a, a hming chu Dari a ni. A hmingpum tak erawh hriat a ni lo a, Darṭhuami tih te, Darlaii tih leh Darthangi tia sawi te a ni hlawm a. A dik ber hriat a ni ta lo (Thangliana 196). "Thangliana hian ama chanchin a ziakah leh a chhungte leh ṭhiante lehkha a thawnah te leh sawrkar lam chhinchhiahna khawiah mah Mizo nupui a neih thu hi ziakin a awm lo," (196) niin Lalhruaitluanga Ralte chuan a ziak a. Mahse pi pute titi leh thu inhrilh chhawn zel aṭangin an innei ngei tih hriat a ni.

Thangliana hi kum 1872-ah Tlabung bawrhsap atan an ruat a (Zoram Varṭian 106). Dari hi a rim fo niin an sawi. 'Dâri tih chu a lam rîk zin lutuk avângin sipaihote chuan Mizo ṭawnga nula sawina emaw an lo ti hman' (108) hial a ni. 'A tirah chuan Dari hian Sap vunngo chu a ṭih hle a. Mahse, Thangliana hian a duh em a, thilpek chi hrang hrang pein a rim ṭhin a... Kum khat vel Thanglianan a hel hnuah Dari chuan a nupui nih chu a ngam ta a, a chhungte pawhin an duhpui thei ta bawk a.' (Thangliana 198) Tichuan, an innei ta a, an inneih hun hi kum 1872 laihawl vel a ni tih kan hre thei (197). Kum 1873-ah Sirte tlangah in an saksak a, chutah chuan Dari nen chuan an cheng dun ṭhin. Dari hian fapa pawh a hring ngei a; mahse 'in chhunga kal thei a ni hman chauh a, a thi ta a ni.' (197)

Thangliana hian 'a nupui Dari chu Sap rama hawpui a tum a, mahse Dari chuan tuipuiral ram hla taka a hriat ngai loh khawvela damchhung nun hmang tura a indahin ngam ngang lo va, a zui haw ve ta lo niin titiah chuan sawi a ni.' (219)

Hetih hun lai hian mi tam ber chuan Sâp neih hi an ngam lo a, mi rel leh sawi kai nih an duh lo a. Dari pawh hian a tirah chuan a hreh hle a ni. An inneih pawh hian khawtlang mipuite chuan Dari hnung lamah an sawi sep sep ṭhin. An inṭhen hnu-ah pawh nuthlawi to lo tak a ni a, 'Sâp pasal a lo neih tawh avangin ṭhenkhatin an thinhrik a, a hriat phak deuh si hian an sawi ru sep sep ṭhin a ni awm e,' tiin Lalhruaitluanga Ralte chuan a ziak (282). An fehnaah pawh 'lawm tur a hmu ve lo a, amahin khawhar takin a feh ṭhin a. Kutni-vang-thlaah pawh mite chuan chhungkuain kut sa duh tawkin an ei a, Dari erawh chu inthlahrung reng rengin mi hmel eng hmu ngam lovin a tawmim ṭhin.' (2)

Hetiang hian Mizo zinga hnam dang pasala nei hmasa ber 'ni-a lang' Dari khan harsatna tam tak a lo tawk a, a hnampuite thinhrik leh en hran a ni ṭhin tih kan hmu a ni.

II. Thangkungi leh Zosapthara:

Zorama missionary rawn chhuak Zosapthara (Edwin Rowlands) pawh khan a tleirawl awmpui ṭhin Thangkungi nupui ah a nei a, hmingchhiatna leh mualphona tam tak phurin, missionary atana amah ruaitu Welsh Mission Board te pawhin an ban phah hial a ni (Lalthangliana 34).

Zosapthara hian December 31, 1898 khan Aizawl a lo thleng a, Mizoramah kum riat rawng a bawl a (Keivom 93). A thawhpuite leh mi dangin a awmpui nula Thangkungi nena inngaizawng ang leh mit timim zawnga khawsa angin an puh a, an hek ta a. An hekna chu Board of Directors, Welsh Mission Board, Liverpool lamah an thawn a; anni chuan Zosapthara chu kum 1907 khan Mizoram aṭangin an kokir a (130), a hnuah an ban zui ta a. Zosapthara chuan ni 22, June 1908 vel khan Aizawl a chhuahsan ta a ni (Lalthangliana 36).

Zosap missionary Zosaphluia (D.E. Jones) leh Zosapthara te hian Aizawl leh thingtlang hmun hrang hrang aṭanga lo kal mi rethei naupang lo kalte chu an chenna bangla kiangah hostel an saksak a, an châwm a. Mipa leh hmeichhe tan a hrang ve vein hostel an sa a, chung naupangte chu uluk takin lehkha an zirtir ṭhin. Hmeichhe naupang zinga pakhat Thangkungi chu tleirawl hmelchhe lo tak, ngaihnobei tak mai a ni a (29). Chu naupang chu Zosapthara chuan a ngaina hle a, a fanu ang chiahin, nausen lawm takin a biangah fawpin a pawm uaih uaih ṭhin a. Chu chu Sapho tih dan pangngai ni mah se, kohhran ṭiaktir thikthu chhiat lai ngang a nih avangin an ngaithei lo a; an hek ta a ni (Keivom 130).

Tichuan, Zosapthara chu an ban tak avangin Mizoram chu a chhuahsan ta a. A hnu-ah hmingchhe taka an ban phahna chhan Thangkungi nen chuan an innei ta tho a, an inneih hun hi chiang taka hriat a ni tawh lo a, B. Lalthangliana chuan 'kum 1924 kum bul lama inneiah dah ila, pawm a nuam tawk awm e' (Zosapthara 57) tiin a ziak.

III. Mizote leh Mingote inkara indaidanna awm chu:

Zosapthara leh Thangkungi chungchang ngaimawhtute kha Mizote chauh ni loin, anmahni Zosapte ngei pawh khan an hmuhmawh hle a. 'Zosapte zinga an rinhlelh ber chu Zosaphluia (D.E. Jones) nupui Pi Zawni (Katherine Ellen Williams) a ni' tiin L. Keivom chuan a ziak (Zoram Khawvel 5, 133). Zosaphluian Williams hnena lehkha a thawnah chuan, 'European nula ngei nei se, missionary ṭha tak a ni mai ang,' (Yes, European wife - then he be a good missionary) tih te a ziak lang a (140). Chuvang chuan Zosapthara'n nupui atana Mizo a nei tur hi an hnampui indah sanna rilru aṭangin an pawm lo hle tih a lang a, a theih ang anga tihbuai leh hek chhiat an tum ni berin a lang.

Zosapthara leh Thangkungi chungchanga Sâpho rilru put hmang chu L. Keivom chuan heti hian a ziak a: "... hnama inthliar hranna ramri khamtute mitah chuan Thangkungi chu Zonu, Edwind Rowlands chu European, indaidanna pindan hrang daiha awm an ni. Chumi indaidanna bang chu mimal duhthua sawn mai theih a ni lo," (191) tiin a ziak a. Zosaphluia (D.E. Jones) chuan, "Mizoho chuan Mizo nupuia a neih an duh lo," (Lushais were against his marrying a Lushai) tiin Mizote pawhin Zosapthara'n Thangkungi a neih chu an remti lo niin a ziak bawk a ni (qtd. in Keivom 140). Thangkungi Mizopuite hian anmahni rilru puakchhuaka duh lo nge an nih a, Zosaphoin an kheuh ruk avanga duh lo an nih tih hi ngaihtuah zui tham tak a ni awm e.

Mingo missionary-te hian Mizote hi an thlarau nun hmangaihin, kristiana siam pawh duh viau mah se, anmahni level-a an rawn awm a, nupui pasala inneih pawlh hial mai chu an duh lo hle a. Hnam sâng zawk leh ropui zawk nia an inhriatna chuan, Zosapthara'n Thangkungi neih a tumna chu a pawm thei lo a, an inkarah harsatna an siam ta mai niin a ngaih theih. Amaherawhchu, a hnu-ah Zosapthara leh Thangkungi hi an innei leh ta tho a, Burma ramah missionary-ah an ṭang dun ta nghe nghe a ni.

Mingo zinga Mizo nupuia nei hmasa pahnih Thangliana leh Zosapthara te hian an hnampuite aṭangin harsatna an tawk ve ve a. Zosapthara chu Thangkungi nena an awm danah mi dang mit a kham avangin missionary aṭangin an ban a. Mizoram aṭanga hnawh chhuah a ni. British-ho hian Mizote nena inneih pawlh emaw, hmangaih taka zuk chenpui emaw hi an ngaithei lo hle a. Chutianga hmangaihna thinlung nena entute chuan harsatna an tawk zui zel niin a lang. Thangliana pawh kha Mizorama awm thei tawh lo turin an hnawt chhuak ta bawk a ni. L. Keivom chuan, "Mizoram histawri kan thlir kir chuan, anni ang tluka Zofate entu leh hmangaiha nupuia neih duh hialtu Zosap emaw Sap (mingo) reng reng chuan mingo dang thinhrik leh endawng an kai nghal ṭhin niin a lang," (Keivom 141) tiin a ziak a ni.

Dari leh Thangkungi hi Mizo zinga hnam dang pasala nei kan hriat hmasakte an ni a, harsatna pawh an tawk ve ve. Thangkungi leh Zosapthara inkarah buaina tam tak a awm a, hmingchhe taka puh chhiat an ni. Dari pawh hnam dang pasala a neih avangin a hnampuite hmuhsit leh endawng a hlawh phah tih kan hmu.

IV. James Dokhuma 'Goodbye Lushai Brigade':

Hetianga Mingote leh Mizote inkara inen hranna leh nupui pasal thua indaidannain zung a kaih dan hnam chanchin (history) lama kan hmuh hi thawnthu phuah thar (fiction) huang chhungah a thangkhâwk a lo lang a, James Dokhuma 'war novel' pakhat 'Goodbye Lushai Brigade' tih thawnthu-ah chuan Mizo nula Lallawmi leh Sap sipai pakhat, British Army Captain Mark Martin-a inngaihzawn chungchang kan hmu a. Inneih hial tum mah se hnam inkara indaidanna bang chhah takin a pin hnan avangin an innei thei ta lo.

Lallawmi hi Hmunhmelṭha khua a ni a, a pa chu kohhran upa fîr zet mai a ni. Mark Martin-a 'Lushai Brigade'-a a awm laia Mizoram an fan kualnaa intawng an ni a. Ṭawng inhre pawh hlei thei lo mah se, inneih hial duh khawpin an inhmangaih hman a ni.

An inneih theih lohna chhan hi Mark Martin-a hnampuiten Mizo nula nupuia neih chu an pawmpui theih loh vang leh, Lallawmi pain a remtih loh vang a ni. Mark Martin-a hi chuan, "Siamtu siam dan rilru ṭawmin, eng hnam pawh ni se a neitu tur berin ka iai loh nak hmanah chuan ka dam chhung khing phel ni turin pawi ka ti si lo a," (Goodbye Lushai Brigade 68) tiin Lallawmi chu neih tum viau mah se, a hnampuite chuan an pawmpui thei ngang lo a. "... English hnam, hnam azawnga hnam ropui, khawvel hnam azawnga hnam chungnung ber inti siin Lushai nula ka nei tur mawlh chu an remti thei ngang lo a ni zawk," (63) tia Mark Martin-a sawi ang hian, an hnam indah sanna chuan hnam hnuaihnung zawk nia an ngaih nupuia neih chu an remtihpui thei lo a ni.

An inneih theih lohna tura hmala nasa ber chu, Zosapthara leh Thangkungi chungchanga buaina thlentu missionary-te bawk kha an ni a. Khatia Mark Martin-a leh Mingo sipai ṭhenkhatin Mizo nula ngaizawng a, nupui ah hial neih an tum ta mai kha an ngaithei lo hle mai a. Tichuan, Lallawmi pa, 'Kohhran Upa fir zet mai leh Kohhran Dân chu Pathian Dân tluk mai pawh ni lo, Pathian Dân ai maha pawisa mi' chuan missionary-te chu 'pathian tenau' ang thawthânga a ngaih avangin an thu chu a kawi a ngilin a zawm vek mai si a. Lallawmi leh Mark Martin-a tan chuan kawng a ping zo ta vek mai a ni.

He thawnthuah hian Mingoho indah sanna, hnam dang an en hniamzia leh, missionary-te paw'n Mizote thlarau chhandam chu duh mah se, an zâwlpuia awm erawh thih hreh takin an hreh ṭhin a ni tih chiang takin kan hmu a. Chu an hnampui intihna rilru chu, James Dokhuma hian a changtupa Mark Martin-a kâ hmangin hetiang hian a puang chhuak a ni:

Kei sipai laisen lungmawl hian hnam tê zawkte chunga 'Sap' kan lo indah sànzia chu ka lo hre ve phâk chai si lo. Khawvêl pakhat luah ho tûra Pathian kutchhuak ni tlâng ta chu kan thuhmun vek ei ka lo ti mai a. Mahse chu ngaih dân ang chuan an lo ngai ve i-khaw silo. Mingo-ah pawh 'Sap' chu mihâng chunga lêng, an thu pawh mihâng chuan a kawi a ngila zàwm tûr niin an lo inhmu sáng si a. Mihang thlarau tân chuan Kohhran dinsakin sakhua chu pe mah se, hnam lamah erawh chuan sakhua a inchen anga khawsa ho tur chuan a teuhin a hnai thung lo a ni. (64)

Hetianga James Dokhuma'n a thawnthua 'Postcolonialism tukverh' min hawnsak hi thlir zui tham tak a ni. Mizote leh Mingote inkâr chiang takin kan hmu a, Mizote laka Sapho rilru puthmang chu Mark Martin-a hmang hian fiah taka târ langin, 'Welsh Missionary rilru' pawh a tak behchhanin a phûm thiam hle a ni. Tin, Mizoten vun ngo tawh phawt kan chung enzia Mark Martin-a'n, "Sap kan nihna kan vun a ngo tawh chuan ang khat vekin min en ni berin ka hria. Mi an zahin an ngaisâng êm êm ṭheuh mai a, an ṭawng thiamte phei chu anmahni hnampui ngei pawh an ngai ropui a, an zahin tluk loh enin an en nghâl mai ṭhin," (39) tia a lo sawi te hi a dikin kan rilru puthmang a târ lang chiang viau a ni.

V. Tlângkawmna:

Mingote khan Mizote hi min hmangaih tak tak lem lo tih te, Zosap missionary te meuh pawh khan kan ṭhatna tur an lo duh tak tak vek bik lo tih leh, Mizote hmangaihtu tak takte kha chu an hotute lakah an hnawng zawk zel a ni tih te hi thil chiang tak niin a lang a. Mizote kha kawng tam takah duhsak viau mah se, an level-pui anga dâwr a, nupui pasal ang tak taka an han en dawn meuh chuan harsatna tam tak pal tlang a lo ngai tih a lang chiang hle. Chutianga Mingote indah sanna, Mizote chung daiha an indahzia chu kan sawi tak hrang hrang aṭang khan a fiah viau awm e. Mizote ngei pawhin hnam dang nupui pasala neih kan duh lohzia, a neite pawh kan en dan a dan theihzia pawh a târ lang a. Tin, Sap tawh phawt chu eng mi pawh ni se kan chung ena kan ngaih sanzia te pawh kan hmu a ni.

Works Cited:

• Dokhuma, James. Goodbye Lushai Brigade. Gilzom Offset. Fourth Edition: 2009.
• Keivom. L. Zoram Khawvel - 5. MCL Publications. First Edition: 1999.
• Khiangte, Laltluangliana. editor. Thuhlaril (Literary Trends & History of Mizo Literature). College Text Book (Mizo) Editorial Board Publications. Third Edition : 2005.
• Lalrammawia, K (Anggu Khawlhring). Tarmit Bawm. Samaritan Printer. 2019.
• Lalthangliana, B. Zosapthara. Mizoram Publication Board. First Edition: 2013.
• Ralte, Lalhruaitluanga. Thangliana. Fineprints. First Edition: 2013.

• - -. Zoram Varṭian. Fineprints. Second Edition: 2009.
• Zorema, J. Kumpinu leh Mizoram. Research & Publication Committee, Govt. J. Buana College, Lunglei. 2018.